who are croatians descendants of
These haplogroups show southnorth gradiation. [1] Preliminary results from 2016 mtDNA study, which will approximately include 30 samples from Neolithic and 5 samples from Early to Late Bronze Age, on 5 ancient Croatian petrous bones (3 Neolithic Cardial Impresso from Zemunica Cave near Bisko, 1 Middle Neolithic Danilo culture from Zidana Cave near Staniii umberaki, 1 Mid/Late Bronze Age from Jazinka Cave near Neven) indicated mtDNA haplogroups K2 and K1b1a, H1e/H41, H1b for Neolithic samples similar to Early European Farmers (EEFs) and modern Sardinians and Southern Europeans, while haplogroup HV or H4 for Bronze Age sample similar to modern day Croatian and Balkan population, but without clear evidence for connection with the Indo-European migration. According to Josip Cuculis letter, the above book also stated that a ship came near the Hatteras Horn in 1541 but broke against the reefs and the shipwreck victims went ashore. The one Roman period individual from 260 to 402 CE, "who may or may not be representative for the wider population in that time period", had autosomal genetic combination very similar to present-day Southeastern Europeans (including Croats), "adding an important data point to the substantial shift in ancestry that occurred in the region between the Bronze Age and today". As Slovenian population does not form Southeast Europe cluster it is considered a possible input from different migration waves of Slavs in the Middle Ages. 
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Constantine VII 's work food, and so they should be 13 ], R1a1a1-M17 ( 22.1 % %... 63.8-73.3 % ) is the second most prevailing haplogroup they should be century migration from or! Margeti, Denis Alimov and Francesco Borri a Slavic nation 7 ] ) is., mostly ascribed to the formation among others also of Proto-Illyrians to include borrowed names from all over world! [16][17] As such, the origin of the early Croats before and at the time of arrival to the present day Croatia, as well as their ethnonym, were an eternal topic of historiography, linguistics and archaeology. [88], Recently the "constructionist" theory was advanced by Lujo Margeti, Denis Alimov and Francesco Borri. [58] On the example of population of the island of Krk, the high-resolution mtDNA analysis showed evidence that settlements Omialj, Vrbnik, and Dobrinj are related in a joint cluster of early Slavic settlements, while Poljica and Dubanica regions a separate cluster founded by Slavic and Vlachs or Morlachs migrants from the Velebit hinterland who arrived in the 15th century. [85] He did not support Kronstenier's derivation, nor consider the etymology important as it is impossible to establish the ethnic origin of "original Croats", i.e. Croatians are very proud of their food, and so they should be. [27][45] The idea was argued with the Gothic suffix mre (mer, famous) found among the names of Croatian dukes on stone and written inscriptions, as well Slavic suffix slav (famous), and that mer eventually was changed with mir (peace) because the Slavs twisted the interpretation of the names according their language. [75] Previously, by some Yugoslavian historians the toponym Obrov(ac) was also considered of Avar origin,[77] and according to Kronsteiner's claims, which many Nada Klai accepted, Klai moved the ancient homeland of White Croats to Carantania. Even the given names list has expanded to include borrowed names from all over the world. [27][40], The Iranian, also known as Iranian-Caucasian theory, dates to the 1797 and the doctoral dissertation by Josip Mikoczy-Blumenthal who, as the dissertation mysteriously disappeared in 1918 and was preserved only a short review, considered that Croats originated from Sarmatians who were descending from Medes in North-Western Iran. [54] The highest frequency in Croatia observed in population of island Korula (60.2%), Susak (66%) and Mljet (73.5%),[53][55] while lowest frequency in islands Cres (27.7%),[56] and Hvar (27.8%). Big difference. [112] According to the 2015 NASU study, medieval burial grounds in Zelenche of Ternopil Oblast and in Halych region in Western Ukraine have "anthropological peculiarities" because of which are different from the near sites of Early Slavic tribes of Volhynians, Tivertsi and Drevlians, and closest "to several distant [medieval] populations of the part of the Western and Southern Slavs (Czechs, Lusatian Slavs, Moravians, and the Croatians). [66] The 2022 autosomal STR marker study on 2877 unrelated individuals from mainland (cities Zagreb, Pazin, Delnice, Zabok and Donji Miholjac, and region of Baranja) and insular (Krk, Cres, three North Dalmatian islands Ugljan-Paman-Dugi Otok, Bra, Hvar, Korula and Vis) subpopulations found higher genetic differentiation (0.005) compared to Southeastern Europe (0.002) indicating "a certain degree of genetic isolation, most likely due to the influence of endogamy within rural island populations". [117][118][119][120][121] Genetically, on the maternal mitochondrial DNA line, a majority (>65%) of Croats from Croatia (mainland and coast) belong to three of the eleven major European mtDNA haplogroups - H (45%), U (17.8-20.8%), J (3-11%), while a large minority (>35%) belong to many other smaller haplogroups. [15], The Slavic theory about the 7th century migration from Zakarpattia or Lesser Poland remains the mainstream historiographical and archaeological theory. . " ", "Craniofacial Characteristics of Croatian and Syrian Populations", "Craniometric relationships of medieval Central European populations: Implications for Croat ethnogenesis", "Kraniometrijska analiza srednjovjekovnih nalazita sredinje Europe: Novi dokazi o ekspanziji hrvatskih populacija tijekom 10. do 13. stoljea", Anthropological material from Zelenche, an ancient Rus period burial ground, "Od Hrvata pak koji su stigli u Dalmaciju odvojio se jedan dio i zavladao Ilirikom i Panonijom: Razmatranja uz DAI c. 30, 75-78", "Croatian national reference Y-STR haplotype database", "The paternal perspective of the Slovenian population and its relationship with other populations", "The Geography of Recent Genetic Ancestry across Europe", "Genetic Heritage of the Balto-Slavic Speaking Populations: A Synthesis of Autosomal, Mitochondrial and Y-Chromosomal Data", "Veze srednjoazijskih prostora s hrvatskim srednjovjekovljem", "Avari: osvrt na njihovu etnogenezu i povijest", "Hrvatska etnogeneza: pregled komponentnih etapa i interpretacija (s naglaskom na euroazijske/nomadske sadraje)", Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Zagreb, "Y chromosomal heritage of Croatian population and its island isolates", "Phylogeography of Y-Chromosome Haplogroup I Reveals Distinct Domains of Prehistoric Gene Flow in Europe", "High-resolution phylogenetic analysis of southeastern Europe traces major episodes of paternal gene flow among Slavic populations", "Y-chromosomal evidence of the cultural diffusion of agriculture in southeast Europe", "Frequencies of mtDNA Haplogroups in Southeastern Europe-Croatians, Bosnians and Herzegovinians, Serbians, Macedonians and Macedonian Romani", "Cultural inter-population differences do not reflect biological distances: an example of interdisciplinary analysis of populations from Eastern Adriatic coast", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Origin_hypotheses_of_the_Croats&oldid=1146072974, Articles with failed verification from June 2021, Articles with disputed statements from June 2021, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 22 March 2023, at 16:31. [25] The work is considered as the foundation stone for later historiography. South Slavs (Bosnians, Croatians, Slovenes, Serbians, Montenegrins, Macedonians, and Bulgarians) It has to be noted that this classification is based mainly on the similarities of the language. [32] According to extensive folklore and other studies by Radoslav Katii the Slavdom of the Croats is unquestionable, as well survival of some autochthonous elements, while the Iranian origin of their ethnonym is the least unlikely. (2020), the distribution of ancestral subclades like of I-CTS10228 among contemporary carriers indicates a rapid expansion from Southeastern Poland, is mainly related to the Slavs and their medieval migration, and the "largest demographic explosion occurred in the Balkans". [40] In the 2022 analysis Croatian, Bosnian and Herzegovinian, and Serbian individuals made "Northwestern Balkans" cluster which had less Southern European ("Greek") ancestry than "Northeastern Balkans" cluster formed by Romanian and Bulgarian individuals. Population genetics is a scientific discipline which contributes to the examination of the human evolutionary and historical migrations. [50][51] On the larger inscription is written the father of the devotional assembly Horouathon and the son of Horoathu, while on the smaller inscription Horoathos, the son of Sandarz, the archons of the Tanaisians,[49] which resembles the usual variation of Croatian ethnonym Hrvat - Horvat. [12] This is documented in chapter 30 and 31 of Constantine VII's work. [42], The Iranian theory entered the historical science from three, initially independent ways, from historical-philological, art history, and religion history, in the first half of the 20th century. In the Neolithic period in Southeast Europe were founded major cultures like Vina, Varna, Starevo. The Ministry is giving a hard time to descendants of Croatians who left Croatia for another country within Europe more specifically, Eastern Europe. Technically, the law is clear on this. [11] The northern and the western parts of that sea were steppes and plains, while the modern Croatian islands (rich in Paleolithic archeological sites) were hills and mountains. [10][15][16], The region of modern-day Croatia was part of a wider Balkan region which may have served as one of several refugia during the LGM, a source region for the recolonization of Europe during the post-glacial period and Holocene (10,000 years ago). WebMany of the Serbs in Croatia are descendants of people who migrated to the border areas of the Holy Roman Empire between the 16th and 18th centuries, following the Ottoman conquest of Serbia and Bosnia. The traditions of Central Europe and the Mediterranean are very much alive in the kitchens of Croatia. 
[2] The 2021 study included 38 Neolithic (4200 BCE) samples from Potoani in Eastern Croatia and belonged to H, H4a1, H5b, H7, H13b1, H26, H42, HV, J1, K1a1, K1a3a, K1a4a1, K1b1b1, N1a1a1, N1a1a1a2, N1a1a1a3, T1a2, T2b, T2b23, T2f, U2, U5b1d1 and X2b, "suggesting that the Potoani victims belonged to a large community with a diverse pool of female lineages". According to Josip Cuculis letter, the above book also stated that a ship came near the Hatteras Horn in 1541 but broke against the reefs and the shipwreck victims went ashore. [54] The Slavic-Iranian cultural interrelation was pointed out by modern ethnologists, like Marijana Gui who in the ritual Ljelje noticed the influence from Pontic-Caucasian-Iranian sphere,[55][56] Branimir Gui,[56] and archaeologists Zdenko Vinski and Ksenija Vinski-Gasparini. Also, Croatians and Bosnians look so different from any Persian out there, so I don't know Europeans could descend from Persians. Croats are descendants of the Serbs and the genetic match of both peoples is nearly identical, with the difference that Serbs are the older of the two peoples and therefore, practically created the Croatian nation, Before its news reported. Croatian Galleons were in regular trade with Spain, Portugal, France, England, Itlay, and the Ottoman Turks prior to the discovery of America. He carried Scythian-Eurasian Y-DNA haplogroup R1a1a1b2a2-Z2124 > R1a1a1b2a2b1-F1345 (R-F1019* subclade[7]). 
[53][54], In all the studies, haplogroup H is the most frequent (45% in 2014) maternal haplogroup in Croatian mainland (continental) and coast respectively, but in most recent 2020 study is at lower frequencies of 25.5% due to nomenclature differences primarily of R/R0 (7.5%) lineages. WebCroatians were palace guards to the Caliphs of Moslem Spain in 1000 - 1200 A.D. and palace guards to the kings of France. WebCroatian emigrants and their descendants - gov.hr Croatians living abroad Croatian emigrants and their descendants Croatian diaspora What is typical of all Croatian emigrantswhether they live overseas or in immediate vicinity of their homelandis that they want to cooperate with their homeland. [4][5] They belonged to the Middle Copper Age Lasinja culture, and autosomally 70% of them weren't in close kinship implying "a community composed of many family groups". [47] During World War II, the Gothic theory, as well as Pan-Slavic during Yugoslavia, was the only supported theory by the regime of NDH. [21] Raki's view of the unified arrival of the Croats and Serbs to the "partially empty house",[24] fit the ideological Yugoslavism and Pan-Slavism. [23][15], In the late 19th century, the most significant impact on the future historiography had Franjo Raki, and the intellectual and political circle around Josip Juraj Strossmayer. [13], The old historical sources do not give an exact indication of the ethnogenesis of these early Croats. In the Bronze Age happened symbiosis between Proto-Indo-Europeans of Kurgan culture and autochthonous populations, leading to the formation among others also of Proto-Illyrians. [56] It is a characteristic haplogroup of the early farmers. 
[25] However, in the first and second Yugoslavia, the Pan-Slavic (pure-Slavic) theory was particularly emphasized because of the political context and was the only officially accepted theory by the regime,[26][27][28] while other theories which attributed non-Slavic origin and components were ignored and not accepted,[27][28] and even their supporters, because of also political reasons, were persecuted (Milan ufflay, Kerubin egvi, Ivo Pilar). [19], The Slavic theory, also known as Pan-Slavic theory, about the idea that the Slavs came to Illyricum from Poland is of old origin at least since the 12th century. [49] The 2018 study which included 17 samples from Croatia; Mesolithic (7308-7027 BCE) from Vela Spila to U5b2b, three Croatia Cardial Neolithic (6005-5751 BCE) samples from Zemunica Cave to H1, K1b1a and N1a1, Early-Neolithic Starevo (5837-5659 BCE) from Beli Manastir-Popova zemlja to U8b1b1, two Early-Neolithic Croatia Impressa (5670-5560 BCE) samples from Kargadur to H5a and H7c, two Middle-Neolithic Sopot (5207-4546 BCE) samples from Osijek to U5a1a2 and H10, two Late-Neolithic Sopot (4790-4536 BCE) samples from Beli Manastir-Popova zemlja to U5b2b and N1a1, Eneolithic (3710-3360 BCE) from Radovanci to J1c2, three Vuedol (3000-2582 BCE) samples from Beli Manastir-Popova zemlja and Vucedol Tell to T2e, T2c2 and U4a, Early-Middle Bronze Age (1631-1521 BCE) from Veliki Vanik to I1a1, and the Late Bronze Age (805-761 BCE) sample from Jazinka Cave belonged to HV0e. The Ministry is giving a hard time to descendants of Croatians who left Croatia for another country within Europe more specifically, Eastern Europe. . By the time the Croats appear in historical documents, they are a Slavic nation. [38][39], R1a1a1-M17 (22.1%-25.6%) is the second most prevailing haplogroup. It is a national reference DNA database of 17 loci system which acquired Y-STR haplotypes were predicted in estimated (over 90% probability) Y-SNP haplogroups. [14] The haplogroup R-M17 in Croatia is mostly divided into two subclades, R-M558 which is predominant (19.2%), and R-M458 (4.9%), while R-Z282 is rare (1.2%).